When people immigrate to Israel....?

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It's call Aliyah, but what does that lirerally mean?

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The term Alyiah (注诇讬讬讛) refers to Jewish immigrants only, and it literally means "rising".
New Jewish immigrants are Olim, "risers".

Correspondingly, the term for Israeli emigration is Yeridah, "going down".
Others

To go up.
Aliyah literally means "ascent" or "going up."
Aliyah: in Judaism, the honour, accorded to a worshipper, of being called up to read an assigned passage from the Torah at Sabbath morning services;
Aliyah: Jewish immigration to Israel.
Because the passage assigned for each Sabbath morning service is subdivided into a minimum of seven sections, at least seven different persons are called up for these readings.
http://www.alldigitall.net
It means to ascend/to rise up.
The term 'Aliyah' is first used in Genesis to describe Abraham's return to Israel from Egypt. As the term literally means 'to rise', the intention could have been that he travelled north (as Israel is north of Egypt) or literally rose as Israel is mountainous. The spiritual reason however was that Israel is a holy place, and anyone who enters it rises to a higher spiritual plane. Because of that, we say any Jew who comes to Israel is making 'aliyah'. On the same theme, three times a year Jews are (were) commanded to go to Jerusalem to give sacrifices. The term used to describe this pilgrimage is also 'aliyah'. While this could once again literally be refering to rising as Jerusalem is on a mountain, the spiritual reason is that Israel is holy, and Jerusalem is the holiest.
Going up